From xen-users-bounces@lists.xenproject.org Thu Aug 13 09:23:19 2026
Return-path: <xen-users-bounces@lists.xenproject.org>
Envelope-to: archives@lists.xen.org
Delivery-date: Thu, 13 Aug 2026 09:23:19 +0000
Received: from list by lists.xenproject.org with outflank-mailman.1389568.1630238 (Exim 4.92)
	(envelope-from <xen-users-bounces@lists.xenproject.org>)
	id 1wuRdm-0002J3-Jv; Thu, 13 Aug 2026 09:22:22 +0000
X-Outflank-Mailman: Message body and most headers restored to incoming version
Received: by outflank-mailman (output) from mailman id 1389568.1630238; Thu, 13 Aug 2026 09:22:22 +0000
Received: from localhost ([127.0.0.1] helo=lists.xenproject.org)
	by lists.xenproject.org with esmtp (Exim 4.92)
	(envelope-from <xen-users-bounces@lists.xenproject.org>)
	id 1wuRdm-0002Iw-G5; Thu, 13 Aug 2026 09:22:22 +0000
Received: by outflank-mailman (input) for mailman id 1389568;
 Thu, 13 Aug 2026 09:22:21 +0000
Received: from mx.expurgate.net ([195.190.135.20])
 by lists.xenproject.org with esmtp (Exim 4.92)
 (envelope-from <james@dingwall.me.uk>) id 1wuRdl-0002Iq-Ee
 for xen-users@lists.xenproject.org; Thu, 13 Aug 2026 09:22:21 +0000
Received: from mx.expurgate.net (helo=localhost) by mx.expurgate.net with esmtp
 id 1wuRdk-00F8Fb-Nr
 for xen-users@lists.xenproject.org; Thu, 13 Aug 2026 11:22:20 +0200
Received: from [10.42.69.9] (helo=localhost)
 by localhost with ESMTP (eXpurgate MTA 0.9.1)
 (envelope-from <james@dingwall.me.uk>)
 id 6a7d8ca1-e002-0a2a0a5209dd-0a2a45099b2e-30
 for <xen-users@lists.xenproject.org>; Thu, 13 Aug 2026 11:22:20 +0200
Received: from [212.23.1.1] (helo=smarthost01a.sbp.mail.zen.net.uk)
 by tlsNG-bad1c0.mxtls.expurgate.net with ESMTPS (eXpurgate 4.57.1)
 (envelope-from <james@dingwall.me.uk>)
 id 6a7d8ccc-be1a-0a2a45090019-d4170101c374-3
 for <xen-users@lists.xenproject.org>; Thu, 13 Aug 2026 11:22:20 +0200
Received: from [217.155.64.189] (helo=mail0.xen.dingwall.me.uk)
 by smarthost01a.sbp.mail.zen.net.uk with esmtpsa (TLS1.3) tls
 TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (Exim 4.97)
 (envelope-from <james@dingwall.me.uk>) id 1wuRdj-0000000505X-2ewU;
 Thu, 13 Aug 2026 09:22:19 +0000
Received: from localhost (localhost [IPv6:::1])
 by mail0.xen.dingwall.me.uk (Postfix) with ESMTP id B2928F08FCD;
 Thu, 13 Aug 2026 10:22:18 +0100 (BST)
Received: from mail0.xen.dingwall.me.uk ([IPv6:::1])
 by localhost (mail0.xen.dingwall.me.uk [IPv6:::1]) (amavis, port 10024)
 with ESMTP id TJafLBfABChN; Thu, 13 Aug 2026 10:22:18 +0100 (BST)
Received: from ghoul.dingwall.me.uk (ghoul.dingwall.me.uk
 [IPv6:2a02:8010:698e:302::c0a8:1c8])
 by dingwall.me.uk (Postfix) with ESMTP id E727CF08FCA;
 Thu, 13 Aug 2026 10:22:17 +0100 (BST)
Received: by ghoul.dingwall.me.uk (Postfix, from userid 1000)
 id B507B7F4; Thu, 13 Aug 2026 10:22:17 +0100 (BST)
X-BeenThere: xen-users@lists.xenproject.org
List-Id: Xen user discussion <xen-users.lists.xenproject.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://lists.xenproject.org/mailman/options/xen-users>,
 <mailto:xen-users-request@lists.xenproject.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Post: <mailto:xen-users@lists.xenproject.org>
List-Help: <mailto:xen-users-request@lists.xenproject.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://lists.xenproject.org/mailman/listinfo/xen-users>,
 <mailto:xen-users-request@lists.xenproject.org?subject=subscribe>
Errors-To: xen-users-bounces@lists.xenproject.org
Precedence: list
Sender: "Xen-users" <xen-users-bounces@lists.xenproject.org>
Authentication-Results: eu.smtp.expurgate.cloud; none
X-Virus-Scanned: Debian amavis at dingwall.me.uk
Date: Thu, 13 Aug 2026 10:22:17 +0100
From: James Dingwall <james@dingwall.me.uk>
To: Jan Kellermann <jan.kellermann@werk21.de>
Cc: "xen-users@lists.xenproject.org" <xen-users@lists.xenproject.org>
Subject: Re: Failed to compile on Ubuntu 26.04 (qemu vs. glibc)
Message-ID: <an2MyScSi12Y6rjd@dingwall.me.uk>
References: <98479edb-08ea-4259-93e1-6bc4b8520d2e@werk21.de>
 <4b51413c-8ce6-4036-bf80-d525acf8f1d0@werk21.de>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: inline
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
In-Reply-To: <4b51413c-8ce6-4036-bf80-d525acf8f1d0@werk21.de>
X-Originating-smarthost01a-IP: [217.155.64.189]
Feedback-ID: 217.155.64.189
X-purgate-ID: tlsNG-bad1c0/1786612940-BFCD7034-4F9C76A3/0/0
X-purgate-type: clean
X-purgate-size: 5037

This is what I did for the 26.04 tpm_emulator build (what you suggested anyway):

diff --git a/stubdom/Makefile b/stubdom/Makefile
index a058cc10d5b..8dfab72cf0e 100644
--- a/stubdom/Makefile
+++ b/stubdom/Makefile
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ tpm_emulator-$(XEN_TARGET_ARCH): tpm_emulator-$(TPMEMU_VERSION).tar.gz
 	patch -d $@ -p1 < vtpm-tpm_bn_t-addr.patch
 	patch -d $@ -p1 < vtpm-6448b979702683de2f846073978271e5e38b4fea.patch
 	mkdir $@/build
-	cd $@/build; CC=${CC} $(CMAKE) .. -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS:STRING="-std=c99 -DTPM_NO_EXTERN $(TARGET_CPPFLAGS) $(TARGET_CFLAGS)"
+	cd $@/build; CC=${CC} $(CMAKE) .. -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS:STRING="-std=c99 -DTPM_NO_EXTERN $(TARGET_CPPFLAGS) $(TARGET_CFLAGS)" -DCMAKE_POLICY_VERSION_MINIMUM=3.5
 	touch $@
 
 TPMEMU_STAMPFILE=$(CROSS_ROOT)/$(GNU_TARGET_ARCH)-xen-elf/lib/libtpm.a

I also had to bump the OVMF tag to edk2-stable202511 and apply 9af06ef3cbb052b142f9660c2c01e7aeb401300c.

Regards,
James

On Tue, Jun 30, 2026 at 01:13:27PM +0200, Jan Kellermann wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> this is the final file list for compiling on my machine on Ubuntu 26.04 with
> the error message:
> 
> tools/qemu-xen-dir-remote/util/log.c
> tools/qemu-xen-dir-remote/util/qemu-sockets.c
> tools/qemu-xen-dir-remote/subprojects/dtc/libfdt/fdt_overlay.c
> tools/qemu-xen-dir-remote/gdbstub/gdbstub.c
> tools/qemu-xen-dir-remote/block/vmdk.c
> tools/qemu-xen-dir-remote/block/vvfat.c:
> tools/qemu-xen-dir-remote/ui/ui-hmp-cmds.c
> tools/qemu-xen-dir-remote/backends/tpm/tpm_passthrough.c
> tools/qemu-xen-dir-remote/monitor/hmp.c
> tools/qemu-xen-dir-remote/hw/i386/x86-common.c
> tools/qemu-xen-dir-remote/tests/vhost-user-bridge.c
> 
> These 2 MRs are relevant (but not for all files):
> 
> https://gitlab.com/qemu-project/qemu/-/commit/bf0e7b068b7d156eb2009776c9b90afdf93abb2f
> 
> https://gitlab.com/qemu-project/qemu/-/commit/7154e4df40468012fccb6687ecd2b288c56a4a2d
> 
> And we met these problems on tpm_emulator-x86_64/build:
> 
> CMake Warning (dev) at CMakeLists.txt:6 (project):
>   cmake_minimum_required() should be called prior to this top-level
> project() call.  Please see the cmake-commands(7) manual for usage
> documentation of both commands.
> This warning is for project developers.  Use -Wno-dev to suppress it.
> 
> 
> CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:8 (cmake_minimum_required):
>   Compatibility with CMake < 3.5 has been removed from CMake.
> Update the VERSION argument <min> value.  Or, use the <min>...<max> syntax
> to tell CMake that the project requires at least <min> but has been updated
> to work with policies introduced by <max> or earlier.
> Or, add -DCMAKE_POLICY_VERSION_MINIMUM=3.5 to try configuring anyway.
> 
> 
> Maybe someone can help.
> 
> Best regards,
> Kelly.
> 
> 
> Am 30.06.2026 um 10:16 schrieb Jan Kellermann:
> > Dear colleagues,
> > 
> > I would like to install Xen 3.22 (or 3.21) on Ubuntu. But the
> > compilation of qemu fails with this error message:
> > 
> > initialisation discards ‘const’ qualifier from pointer target type
> > 
> > 
> > This affects the definition of variables for strstr(), because since
> > glibc 2.42.9000 the return type of strstr() and other string functions
> > changed to be 'const char *' when the input is a 'const char *'.
> > 
> > Ubuntu 26.04 uses a patched version based on QEMU 10.2.1 (https://
> > packages.ubuntu.com/resolute/qemu-system-x86-xen)
> > 
> > I am in the process of replacing the missing ‘const’ declarations, but I
> > wonder whether a backport might be simpler.
> > 
> > See e.g. this commit:
> > https://gitlab.com/qemu-project/qemu/-/
> > commit/326e620fc0145686124f754194cdc6d0d9b3400d
> > 
> > These commits are only available since V10.2.0
> > 
> > See also here:
> > https://git.redxen.eu/RepoMirrors/qemu/
> > commit/326e620fc0145686124f754194cdc6d0d9b3400d
> > 
> > These files are failing with this error so far, I am still in pathcing
> > progress:
> > 
> > tools/qemu-xen-dir-remote/util/log.c
> > tools/qemu-xen-dir-remote/util/qemu-sockets.c
> > tools/qemu-xen-dir-remote/subprojects/dtc/libfdt/fdt_overlay.c
> > tools/qemu-xen-dir-remote/gdbstub/gdbstub.c
> > tools/qemu-xen-dir-remote/block/vmdk.c
> > tools/qemu-xen-dir-remote/block/vvfat.c:
> > tools/qemu-xen-dir-remote/ui/ui-hmp-cmds.c
> > tools/qemu-xen-dir-remote/backends/tpm/tpm_passthrough.c
> > 
> > Best regards,
> > Kelly.
> 
> -- 
> Pronomen: er/ihm | pronoun: he/him
> 
> werk21 GmbH
> Online-Lösungen für Zivilgesellschaft, Politik und Verwaltung
> 
> Oranienburger Straße 87/89, 10178 Berlin
> Tel: (030) 28 48 48 30
> https://www.werk21.de
> 
> Geschäftsführer*innen:
> Jan Kellermann, Johannes Stahl, Susanne Fritsche
> HRB 131204 - Berlin-Charlottenburg - Sitz: Berlin
> 
> 

-- 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
James Dingwall
e: james@dingwall.me.uk
w: http://www.dingwall.me.uk/
------------------------------------------------------------------------


From xen-users-bounces@lists.xenproject.org Mon Aug 31 14:11:01 2026
Return-path: <xen-users-bounces@lists.xenproject.org>
Envelope-to: archives@lists.xen.org
Delivery-date: Mon, 31 Aug 2026 14:11:01 +0000
Received: from list by lists.xenproject.org with outflank-mailman.1403245.1638014 (Exim 4.92)
	(envelope-from <xen-users-bounces@lists.xenproject.org>)
	id 1x12i6-0006Id-LX; Mon, 31 Aug 2026 14:10:06 +0000
X-Outflank-Mailman: Message body and most headers restored to incoming version
Received: by outflank-mailman (output) from mailman id 1403245.1638014; Mon, 31 Aug 2026 14:10:06 +0000
Received: from localhost ([127.0.0.1] helo=lists.xenproject.org)
	by lists.xenproject.org with esmtp (Exim 4.92)
	(envelope-from <xen-users-bounces@lists.xenproject.org>)
	id 1x12i6-0006HF-HF; Mon, 31 Aug 2026 14:10:06 +0000
Received: by outflank-mailman (input) for mailman id 1403245;
 Sun, 30 Aug 2026 02:53:08 +0000
Received: from mx.expurgate.net ([195.190.135.10])
 by lists.xenproject.org with esmtp (Exim 4.92)
 (envelope-from <leroy.tennison@verizon.net>) id 1x0VfQ-0003ud-Iy
 for xen-users@lists.xenproject.org; Sun, 30 Aug 2026 02:53:08 +0000
Received: from mx.expurgate.net (helo=localhost) by mx.expurgate.net with esmtp
 id 1x0VfO-000sZH-TG
 for xen-users@lists.xenproject.org; Sun, 30 Aug 2026 04:53:06 +0200
Received: from [10.42.69.5] (helo=localhost)
 by localhost with ESMTP (eXpurgate MTA 0.9.1)
 (envelope-from <leroy.tennison@verizon.net>)
 id 6a939afe-bab6-0a2a0a5309dd-0a2a4505b966-8
 for <xen-users@lists.xenproject.org>; Sun, 30 Aug 2026 04:53:06 +0200
Received: from [74.6.134.42] (helo=sonic307-3.consmr.mail.bf2.yahoo.com)
 by tlsNG-c201ff.mxtls.expurgate.net with ESMTPS (eXpurgate 4.57.1)
 (envelope-from <leroy.tennison@verizon.net>)
 id 6a939b10-4cb1-0a2a45050019-4a06862a8ba0-3
 for <xen-users@lists.xenproject.org>; Sun, 30 Aug 2026 04:53:05 +0200
Received: from sonic.gate.mail.ne1.yahoo.com by
 sonic307.consmr.mail.bf2.yahoo.com with HTTP; Sun, 30 Aug 2026 02:53:04 +0000
Received: by hermes--production-ne1-6dbcb84f44-7ckfd (Yahoo Inc. Hermes SMTP
 Server) with ESMTPA ID c88972dd2b850514fd3ae4acc1edf211; 
 Sun, 30 Aug 2026 02:53:00 +0000 (UTC)
X-BeenThere: xen-users@lists.xenproject.org
List-Id: Xen user discussion <xen-users.lists.xenproject.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://lists.xenproject.org/mailman/options/xen-users>,
 <mailto:xen-users-request@lists.xenproject.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Post: <mailto:xen-users@lists.xenproject.org>
List-Help: <mailto:xen-users-request@lists.xenproject.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://lists.xenproject.org/mailman/listinfo/xen-users>,
 <mailto:xen-users-request@lists.xenproject.org?subject=subscribe>
Errors-To: xen-users-bounces@lists.xenproject.org
Precedence: list
Sender: "Xen-users" <xen-users-bounces@lists.xenproject.org>
Authentication-Results: eu.smtp.expurgate.cloud; dkim=pass header.s=a2048 header.d=verizon.net header.i="@verizon.net" header.h="Date:To:From:Subject:References"
DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=verizon.net; s=a2048; t=1788058384; bh=ABlQ/Mxy9PBqYVbuk8AszJqOCYzIVopaZt2cnkO5GVo=; h=Date:To:From:Subject:References:From:Subject:Reply-To; b=X5jNgubgJjmxpHlu4PaWnhhJBqrcX2KZKqJVEQH79eIUmd7qWLldjqclLUt9oJIFfYz+qpkzxmukP/GNzUDe53S380lYqSSTvM3SThTbc9tD+83utBdKFdwyB/R3QbzMOSHMed6alQupfyjrw9b1noY+AtQMaDjXafVp9We+k+rkY39nErTMOIX+QFgSf3TNi4+dBRJssG1fnp9yoJw3IMO3IsREu1Yd9JWF5dJuy013BFejy+sMVs+wCZwhjFhoKIthh5fOXBl48RYo9HvaOUdUFORWv21ekV5oJzxupWQBl4f3DEhd5h9cgflXrk8UxObeBU3lw0EzvUcynDsoGw==
X-SONIC-DKIM-SIGN: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=yahoo.com; s=s2048; t=1788058384; bh=tiJvK2p29mQg9leOB8LiZUP6bNgfm/x8pxt7DUG/2yr=; h=X-Sonic-MF:Date:To:From:Subject:From:Subject; b=QZpUK23IVvxCFhWAFSnxG7oXnpYv0kOFugveTH5KBe+NbBER48ZEy/kVap5HV48LwXDr7t/KyA8GIeyEx/rcGHY+yPQurppyR3sj453mT0xYUcai5nCr+EhxADoYkrlIINpzUU9vkz1zVrcWnzwlRHXH7KLDaRNXlhUZz4PgVPj5RklGwxlzIA6dDF7WJCssRJEeuzWmW1Z5bY1VUTGWf9BiKvogl2p7ZaOqPFBY58NkHz7QLcN42jrby/y0xDhD+aSY9zgbbmQv5id7MMVHVr0g8D1IDC4Tc8+DkRHokobQ6Zr4/rQg+yMlbJYLCg7Aod+wWbAIYbqsXeQMVB3JaQ==
X-YMail-OSG: 1LxAg7kVM1l_rxrWN6mkRZU3W58gDL.WwqXIxaRHA993mek7GmubDR.a5WT3H_u
 93tP1Wa.EoYFoqQntbr5eonEJGbfebGfYiAJDyZhypdX0IGF6PU8cr_yLSOhh2VCBvdsAOAZB9Qc
 nyea2EQaeTPsOO0pvhBhpaMsF4DGyqjBvJ1DthxlqLnM4lbf_CW6l5XCn6fiJJCyt9n0S1nnRwmo
 mt3HQ5FUYfxTGKCDxox7qsCSnXo6tS0ZUMnq2O1KTpD5DcQFY00Newui00bdLFvQ5gmyhFEUFaZo
 s45tFwFrepEN4K40KfjChP9eCwLv8YpuiKXx.j0llRpvWqldwtQtBsyo2vQxiYsukG8pZCXPKjCi
 C5icuJHWCPY1LaySdlTENS2RmPUH65tsDmHOuBT6Sju8g8XcVsFQ0TV712JxAr8rL3WnAGweOTWj
 KWOK3naXl1L_uNbUfXuyXZCt_Sfxey5kg2Cc1plZkm9oJUBde2un9E7YqBd5uxbVUzRXdhOBOAO6
 oXT05v5F3QfXn7nkr7oqoS6DhNIMFFBFhG8nxPwK.rZEMsc5BsWSmjvPZPSgGWZe8k21W0u8iiHf
 e0popBKftcPfjQQI8EQHdG9pTKx6d4vllBXWymD_6lfj6QaF70XWy4o4v.XhO9rXMeoUovzRMAOE
 HZgfBbISlc6GrOk0RYgJQXEJYZY0kbIT177Z2sZ2quaXSdwTU2crQd7oO1EdF_P9UTH27LmT82Vw
 b3SOErSZMzhm2.zrFWa8W2AbwYCV8Ji2OGK1FFj3_px1lHdSNrAKX.VKVq50ZDQ2PS9LpK2EE.Ob
 SdNtNVfjevUaNUr7QYCOg2hmd3M.4RCwhHNPslY.IWZiBqC18mGtauwvNMRDn2rnHnDsddnNKDOs
 ObEOzIGinwjc87svXahZoGd1DLZ4qBGAVw7ev3hX7WsyMDU_YxYxL2pHAFr.DTNo.XOvCr.2FJKD
 YhzbobfRwKLlagkcAMHkRDxVDz4aO.iGlWCzBcEN0Twsp7saoLv23z45o8jPZraZtI9UxnqKVW1r
 .HQP7dSy.ziqu8eE2YRoB657zB6oK8kF2Rsgd_i0zHFyc8IhP_bC5DAdSxkJFrOCfWBaCJsvMr51
 JzCOUlOr5GNqNfnM8gVOd1qbSlEBYM.05G0baKckYUwPW061RCSXykcBEdp54zD0bTL90zSnzn77
 se97ICv7DD_vgN89cmViUDWWb9pZGEp18yf7IvJ5S_1CvO7NCyV4JemwVarVraBrADPSR_YapZvn
 JIoCVvy0BYKGfyov56LOnYBSY9QIszSpKGQdOz7a_M_ZHY9OPt5N6lVdPv2tDFPblxmR1DaklNeO
 mCaBPzyFcZsSQMDNMUdReVwOIqvmMNoqMmfY_rBE5zAhEwOSeZiwa5Iai8p5GtbsVBBwmeYICOJf
 TKhL40iMH6YZ0.tcANS4P0PA2zFJbVWxv0_RF7Qv22YJYWcc7sUXzGo2dfvTRbHmg7sx7kAUcxk9
 qstPHHWtjh7yMBafP9ixlHnn73RJi39iw2zj8CNrC4G8hlpjqDEByzJiJV6DNZEhVZR4NE4fPt_5
 YEklZ0jlVDtnWmcHJlP_kTBKavGBovnr0pCVAzsl0ziGxg6voLcgfSoiHe1jzxlLOZ9aqJBmGXX9
 sJ84901WtkjzMH7uBhVZu1BJB_AFDzKlflkQQG05FmQ8MO0ig8htFmThsEAE48ol1hi04U7hTSoC
 qEf6ck5KkORs3CnSZI9231XTCitvhyFqWlsbc.hM_nBHkc3R5pKjxJPSNBvJulq9urQcxGjpbR87
 MwDGc0lUpxq3F_uoxBIEVHaGVge2hQy3rPgPZVDTsbRYFXZZcUvaGvqFjWwx2kRwYvzeevSTvRsT
 fszKUFOcxwzsyOKOYV0D.vJC1XCXLjp2uzjKJHcSAyrVBV5dGkGJQyWlxeajsJxp_3VT3FCANgRw
 WupxyIxWJVayXpPANFihxybAulNV2Ht8WLdMVdtp1V5j4WrPnqbHFkrJ1EbdnuF_0XH73SB0fZQB
 HRsUubU9GvsrCIizWeY8_gDpsUxvmi1s_wH9vg3Loc9dXVtgaO0DhNvdBF7qylH6gekoTtf11i_Z
 iO1dHf2_lTfEEA5EOLY7F0Go4jpAl7zLCozn.KOlqcPPco9ZwcLh2VeUh8JBx6lP2URrjb17UR1x
 c8OHmyHtmZfghHYUlE6xS2AEVAYOggOJ5D9avqgBZwJsI6GGsZH4bT8AfhrIMhwe4V5ovl0ZWt3p
 UUsDpYXy6goj1qhZrioVYxHOFR6v4Q.C9mfzo66U5E0ZP6HpjBUO007EVbU1FiOm_MyoKNW9sD5f
 4yo41mzPVlbLWyQ--
X-Sonic-MF: <leroy.tennison@verizon.net>
X-Sonic-ID: c03502db-4089-4e07-9b6d-7d2cac0feceb
Message-ID: <e6a9375c-ee0e-4118-94e2-9b0ed3ff1ac8@verizon.net>
Date: Sat, 29 Aug 2026 21:54:43 -0500
MIME-Version: 1.0
User-Agent: Mozilla Thunderbird
Content-Language: en-US
To: xen-users@lists.xenproject.org
From: Leroy Tennison <leroy.tennison@verizon.net>
Subject: Very basic question
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=flowed
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
References: <e6a9375c-ee0e-4118-94e2-9b0ed3ff1ac8.ref@verizon.net>
X-Mailer: WebService/1.1.26380 mail.backend.jedi.jws.acl:role.jedi.acl.token.atz.jws.hermes.aol
Content-Length: 459
X-purgate-ID: tlsNG-c201ff/1788058386-736BD2A1-371C0037/0/0
X-purgate-type: clean
X-purgate-size: 466

I want to install xen and began reading the beginner's docunmentation.  
If xen is (or can be) a type 1 hypervisor, why do the instructions 
require installing a Linux distribution such as Debian and then 
installing the xen-system-amd64 package?  Is xen running under the 
distribution?  If so, how is it different than qemu/libvirt/kvm?  If it 
isn't, how does xen relate to the distribution used to install it?  
Thanks for any and all explanation.



From xen-users-bounces@lists.xenproject.org Mon Aug 31 14:27:53 2026
Return-path: <xen-users-bounces@lists.xenproject.org>
Envelope-to: archives@lists.xen.org
Delivery-date: Mon, 31 Aug 2026 14:27:53 +0000
Received: from list by lists.xenproject.org with outflank-mailman.1404126.1638030 (Exim 4.92)
	(envelope-from <xen-users-bounces@lists.xenproject.org>)
	id 1x12yz-0000UA-2x; Mon, 31 Aug 2026 14:27:33 +0000
X-Outflank-Mailman: Message body and most headers restored to incoming version
Received: by outflank-mailman (output) from mailman id 1404126.1638030; Mon, 31 Aug 2026 14:27:33 +0000
Received: from localhost ([127.0.0.1] helo=lists.xenproject.org)
	by lists.xenproject.org with esmtp (Exim 4.92)
	(envelope-from <xen-users-bounces@lists.xenproject.org>)
	id 1x12yz-0000U3-07; Mon, 31 Aug 2026 14:27:33 +0000
Received: by outflank-mailman (input) for mailman id 1404126;
 Mon, 31 Aug 2026 14:27:31 +0000
Received: from mx.expurgate.net ([194.145.224.20])
 by lists.xenproject.org with esmtp (Exim 4.92)
 (envelope-from <andy@strugglers.net>) id 1x12yx-0000Tx-CR
 for xen-users@lists.xenproject.org; Mon, 31 Aug 2026 14:27:31 +0000
Received: from mx.expurgate.net (helo=localhost) by mx.expurgate.net with esmtp
 id 1x12yu-008gER-Th
 for xen-users@lists.xenproject.org; Mon, 31 Aug 2026 16:27:28 +0200
Received: from [10.42.69.11] (helo=localhost)
 by localhost with ESMTP (eXpurgate MTA 0.9.1)
 (envelope-from <andy@strugglers.net>)
 id 6a958f50-8faa-0a2a0a5109dd-0a2a450b9eec-0
 for <xen-users@lists.xenproject.org>; Mon, 31 Aug 2026 16:27:28 +0200
Received: from [85.119.80.223] (helo=mail.bitfolk.com)
 by tlsNG-42698a.mxtls.expurgate.net with ESMTPS (eXpurgate 4.57.1)
 (envelope-from <andy@strugglers.net>)
 id 6a958f50-b7e8-0a2a450b0019-557750df9d77-3
 for <xen-users@lists.xenproject.org>; Mon, 31 Aug 2026 16:27:28 +0200
Received: from andy by mail.bitfolk.com with local (Exim 4.94.2)
 (envelope-from <andy@strugglers.net>) id 1x12yt-0006tp-NA
 for xen-users@lists.xenproject.org; Mon, 31 Aug 2026 14:27:27 +0000
X-BeenThere: xen-users@lists.xenproject.org
List-Id: Xen user discussion <xen-users.lists.xenproject.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://lists.xenproject.org/mailman/options/xen-users>,
 <mailto:xen-users-request@lists.xenproject.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Post: <mailto:xen-users@lists.xenproject.org>
List-Help: <mailto:xen-users-request@lists.xenproject.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://lists.xenproject.org/mailman/listinfo/xen-users>,
 <mailto:xen-users-request@lists.xenproject.org?subject=subscribe>
Errors-To: xen-users-bounces@lists.xenproject.org
Precedence: list
Sender: "Xen-users" <xen-users-bounces@lists.xenproject.org>
Authentication-Results: eu.smtp.expurgate.cloud; dkim=pass header.s=alpha header.d=strugglers.net header.i="@strugglers.net" header.h="In-Reply-To:Content-Type:MIME-Version:References:Message-ID:Subject:To:From:Date"
DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; q=dns/txt; c=relaxed/relaxed;
	d=strugglers.net; s=alpha; h=In-Reply-To:Content-Type:MIME-Version:References
	:Message-ID:Subject:To:From:Date:Content-Transfer-Encoding:Sender:Reply-To:Cc
	:Content-ID:Content-Description:Resent-To;
	bh=3WRfSS/CQAUlzHv/PfNcqB2cO18u6NZCm3oM1FOa0A0=; b=TYh3yjjZQJli5WqPvQmqGO4iSq
	QFK3aTX46Y1U5aek14PNmZyyDKi9Pjz7ihmrWG/WfdC3Pl2tWKjXH1DJ+FUDsf0f7xS/GSUtGOvxX
	Mq0MnG2suDtJSgO9p8EOMhWP95E+zqF9kPikY7oFMcLnYxcqxdsPhMvIFIMkggFRnhNZH9jpgdc0b
	GH6mSXC0bfyEEXj4SvlRhJM7tAj0lnXPDIhKYBAwBkKxP1pe7buOgOrfW99VfOX8Sp4eaRgOb+NXF
	OH8t1zW631rt+SvFTK16CpQDJ+v71ncGbCEMZfnDV0mUJH5GyHhuoSz4kCZ676PCz7dADWcKaf+Dd
	gIW3pmIA==;
Date: Mon, 31 Aug 2026 14:27:27 +0000
From: Andy Smith <andy@strugglers.net>
To: xen-users@lists.xenproject.org
Subject: Re: Very basic question
Message-ID: <apWPT/+uw9QXIDEC@mail.bitfolk.com>
References: <e6a9375c-ee0e-4118-94e2-9b0ed3ff1ac8.ref@verizon.net>
 <e6a9375c-ee0e-4118-94e2-9b0ed3ff1ac8@verizon.net>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: inline
In-Reply-To: <e6a9375c-ee0e-4118-94e2-9b0ed3ff1ac8@verizon.net>
OpenPGP: id=BF15490B; url=http://strugglers.net/~andy/pubkey.asc
X-URL: http://strugglers.net/wiki/User:Andy
X-SA-Exim-Connect-IP: <locally generated>
X-SA-Exim-Mail-From: andy@strugglers.net
X-SA-Exim-Scanned: No (on mail.bitfolk.com); SAEximRunCond expanded to false
X-purgate-ID: tlsNG-42698a/1788186448-AB0DD9EA-7B531714/0/0
X-purgate-type: clean
X-purgate-size: 1307

Hi,

On Sat, Aug 29, 2026 at 09:54:43PM -0500, Leroy Tennison wrote:
> If xen is (or can be) a type 1 hypervisor, why do the instructions
> require installing a Linux distribution such as Debian and then
> installing the xen-system-amd64 package?

It's because Xen is only a hypervisor not a full operating system so for
management of it you need something to run the management tools from,
which by convenience could be a minimal Linux install.

Xen has a privileged guest that can manage it, this is called dom0. When
you install Debian and xen-system-amd64 you are setting up something
that boots the Xen hypervisor as its kernel and then starts that Linux
install as dom0.

In theory there is no reason why dom0 couldn't be some appliance-like
software. It is just another virtual machine with Xen management tools
installed.

> Is xen running under the distribution?

No. When you install xen-system-amd64 on Debian that puts the Xen
hypervisor kernel in /boot and sets up your boot loader to boot it. When
you reboot and select that hypervisor it's Xen that boots and  it starts
your old Debian as dom0 virtual machine. You end up with a hypervisor
and one VM running. That dom0 may then be configured to start other
unprivileged virtual machines (domUs).

Thanks,
Andy


From xen-users-bounces@lists.xenproject.org Mon Aug 31 17:07:05 2026
Return-path: <xen-users-bounces@lists.xenproject.org>
Envelope-to: archives@lists.xen.org
Delivery-date: Mon, 31 Aug 2026 17:07:05 +0000
Received: from list by lists.xenproject.org with outflank-mailman.1404292.1638055 (Exim 4.92)
	(envelope-from <xen-users-bounces@lists.xenproject.org>)
	id 1x15Sf-0008Kd-Cz; Mon, 31 Aug 2026 17:06:21 +0000
X-Outflank-Mailman: Message body and most headers restored to incoming version
Received: by outflank-mailman (output) from mailman id 1404292.1638055; Mon, 31 Aug 2026 17:06:21 +0000
Received: from localhost ([127.0.0.1] helo=lists.xenproject.org)
	by lists.xenproject.org with esmtp (Exim 4.92)
	(envelope-from <xen-users-bounces@lists.xenproject.org>)
	id 1x15Sf-0008KU-7u; Mon, 31 Aug 2026 17:06:21 +0000
Received: by outflank-mailman (input) for mailman id 1404292;
 Mon, 31 Aug 2026 17:06:20 +0000
Received: from mx.expurgate.net ([195.190.135.10])
 by lists.xenproject.org with esmtp (Exim 4.92)
 (envelope-from <klaus.darilion@nic.at>) id 1x15Sd-0008KO-UB
 for xen-users@lists.xenproject.org; Mon, 31 Aug 2026 17:06:20 +0000
Received: from mx.expurgate.net (helo=localhost) by mx.expurgate.net with esmtp
 id 1x15Sb-005XWA-Dd
 for xen-users@lists.xenproject.org; Mon, 31 Aug 2026 19:06:17 +0200
Received: from [10.42.69.5] (helo=localhost)
 by localhost with ESMTP (eXpurgate MTA 0.9.1)
 (envelope-from <klaus.darilion@nic.at>)
 id 6a95b482-bab6-0a2a0a5309dd-0a2a4505e3c4-20
 for <xen-users@lists.xenproject.org>; Mon, 31 Aug 2026 19:06:17 +0200
Received: from [52.101.66.72]
 (helo=DUZPR83CU001.outbound.protection.outlook.com)
 by tlsNG-c201ff.mxtls.expurgate.net with ESMTPS (eXpurgate 4.57.1)
 (envelope-from <klaus.darilion@nic.at>)
 id 6a95b488-4cb1-0a2a45050019-346542482ba0-3
 for <xen-users@lists.xenproject.org>; Mon, 31 Aug 2026 19:06:17 +0200
Received: from DBAPR03MB6358.eurprd03.prod.outlook.com (2603:10a6:10:192::20)
 by DB9PR03MB7708.eurprd03.prod.outlook.com (2603:10a6:10:2ca::15)
 with Microsoft SMTP Server (version=TLS1_2,
 cipher=TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384) id 15.21.339.10; Mon, 31 Aug
 2026 17:06:15 +0000
Received: from DBAPR03MB6358.eurprd03.prod.outlook.com
 ([fe80::7757:b2c7:49bb:930d]) by DBAPR03MB6358.eurprd03.prod.outlook.com
 ([fe80::7757:b2c7:49bb:930d%7]) with mapi id 15.21.0360.008; Mon, 31 Aug 2026
 17:06:15 +0000
X-BeenThere: xen-users@lists.xenproject.org
List-Id: Xen user discussion <xen-users.lists.xenproject.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <https://lists.xenproject.org/mailman/options/xen-users>,
 <mailto:xen-users-request@lists.xenproject.org?subject=unsubscribe>
List-Post: <mailto:xen-users@lists.xenproject.org>
List-Help: <mailto:xen-users-request@lists.xenproject.org?subject=help>
List-Subscribe: <https://lists.xenproject.org/mailman/listinfo/xen-users>,
 <mailto:xen-users-request@lists.xenproject.org?subject=subscribe>
Errors-To: xen-users-bounces@lists.xenproject.org
Precedence: list
Sender: "Xen-users" <xen-users-bounces@lists.xenproject.org>
Authentication-Results: eu.smtp.expurgate.cloud; dkim=pass header.s=selector1 header.d=nic.at header.i="@nic.at" header.h="From:Date:Subject:Message-ID:Content-Type:MIME-Version:x-ms-exchange-senderadcheck"
ARC-Seal: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; s=arcselector10001; d=microsoft.com; cv=none;
 b=EWj+DMFswHu7MJmm0j1I1NCqJwr4e+QQeWj+dNSv6GA/Wy7SiI2grDvH/Zi865Rrxo5yBdmDqmQSksifSE6F2PYZum4o1PTY6385ErI0UPGv/tN4VideShedqW2YNE5HHqMUv5GS9MLH2IGumg06SGqBltf4+1IwoscyrUaRAICxFrtyOzmUCwjnxCjrRQkMcIAYqKAwZumroix7Sla4sc3qkfIPNNfm/E1yRD5yoQ4u35OxxqtKi+cEAa0Ma3ZgxzfcSygBfpsD686dOilKTvkw/xOnLwH02+bgKfgSeS/is0AWwNR1OXgbjmwQrjsM2xIv98i1gO2qOm7fQlBKPQ==
ARC-Message-Signature: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=microsoft.com;
 s=arcselector10001;
 h=From:Date:Subject:Message-ID:Content-Type:MIME-Version:X-MS-Exchange-AntiSpam-MessageData-ChunkCount:X-MS-Exchange-AntiSpam-MessageData-0:X-MS-Exchange-AntiSpam-MessageData-1;
 bh=qMbAk4UrbmUftvgCd8fwEsslZeoJ3qoXpcEyT7+ySrE=;
 b=Y6hpQ1drhj0Bb/0KejrGJ0kj681S6aVDn3chF/xw3YJPouGIIEIdw6pitMzvfwCZcGd0imfFMJ/61z0kHWiUxOIzoqaKaUGsdWVEJBklcScWqdMxlr4uNXehp0DPN1Zxfr9Ogsf4gpcFx3JjepfLvrjXWMjeMtJMcYjR8yNqsOhVwdA1wUxIQTY9fFXSQeHzq1Yk1KrRtAJZyW4p3Ce0DgyitJFc364FUr1goYG7RAqt/OPJgI0T5xuY31vnT6Fmz0ZuUa/9syvs3tA1FHe5BYN4Ku0OVvgJqi/ix86l8yWxiqmP+Sa7SlkkC1ca+J/T3vkXe0kN7vhzQrIrLpzRfA==
ARC-Authentication-Results: i=1; mx.microsoft.com 1; spf=pass
 smtp.mailfrom=nic.at; dmarc=pass action=none header.from=nic.at; dkim=pass
 header.d=nic.at; arc=none
DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=nic.at; s=selector1;
 h=From:Date:Subject:Message-ID:Content-Type:MIME-Version:X-MS-Exchange-SenderADCheck;
 bh=qMbAk4UrbmUftvgCd8fwEsslZeoJ3qoXpcEyT7+ySrE=;
 b=U/vmIoWmn5RwSM/6fiRtVdErTdz6zz4H3FBve+BIE5eg/39X5X6im7E1NdoM1SwlOYVnuZNQgsOUVpiMMtQlEOrTdL7JW8m0NN7JZU1rtC6RNmWtqkzDftvkqloi/aBaOzQPA9LbKiAK/+t+gMipy4rIUmmDyWRVYQeWIv2qKyl8ntjNxxxA43q60yFQX9pxRoOvcGzR9gX5nbfEaRBmA1j4O+oR3Ke/aRWOhtxHM2SCHS+MBaenF7lxdshBlg++W4094wfnomJ5PEVtrJ+Vva6wzEuB+wqI5Aba37E0JXFvLh4xtoHRMuFCMAPz8oHWCuzZm7sUcDpoXZNQaVVvCw==
From: Klaus Darilion <klaus.darilion@nic.at>
To: Leroy Tennison <leroy.tennison@verizon.net>,
	"xen-users@lists.xenproject.org" <xen-users@lists.xenproject.org>
Subject: AW: Very basic question
Thread-Topic: Very basic question
Thread-Index: AQHdOVLk1ZG1StoD20a0sh2b8Up4iba4YjhQ
Date: Mon, 31 Aug 2026 17:06:14 +0000
Message-ID:
 <DBAPR03MB63580BDDE99FB8C953DB6BB3F1A92@DBAPR03MB6358.eurprd03.prod.outlook.com>
References: <e6a9375c-ee0e-4118-94e2-9b0ed3ff1ac8.ref@verizon.net>
 <e6a9375c-ee0e-4118-94e2-9b0ed3ff1ac8@verizon.net>
In-Reply-To: <e6a9375c-ee0e-4118-94e2-9b0ed3ff1ac8@verizon.net>
Accept-Language: de-DE, en-US
Content-Language: de-DE
X-MS-Has-Attach:
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator:
authentication-results: dkim=none (message not signed)
 header.d=none;dmarc=none action=none header.from=nic.at;
x-ms-publictraffictype: Email
x-ms-traffictypediagnostic: DBAPR03MB6358:EE_|DB9PR03MB7708:EE_
x-ms-office365-filtering-correlation-id: e581864c-9c73-4f8a-e84e-08df07822a85
x-ms-exchange-senderadcheck: 1
x-ms-exchange-antispam-relay: 0
x-microsoft-antispam:
 BCL:0;ARA:13230040|376014|23010399003|366016|1800799024|18002099003|56012099006|22082099003|3023799007|38070700021|11063799006|10067099003|4143699003;
x-microsoft-antispam-message-info:
 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
x-forefront-antispam-report:
 CIP:255.255.255.255;CTRY:;LANG:en;SCL:1;SRV:;IPV:NLI;SFV:NSPM;H:DBAPR03MB6358.eurprd03.prod.outlook.com;PTR:;CAT:NONE;SFS:(13230040)(376014)(23010399003)(366016)(1800799024)(18002099003)(56012099006)(22082099003)(3023799007)(38070700021)(11063799006)(10067099003)(4143699003);DIR:OUT;SFP:1102;
x-ms-exchange-antispam-messagedata-chunkcount: 1
x-ms-exchange-antispam-messagedata-0:
 =?utf-8?B?Y2Z5b3czdDhja2NVb3FGQUdRMVlYbWVmWm90dnFDL2lMOW1tTEt6bUZGOExJ?=
 =?utf-8?B?bW5mU0x5ZDlGakFDaFZpTFRNRDFuaEw5TWZxV2xsMnVxSFdNbS9EQjMzNlJm?=
 =?utf-8?B?eXp6a3lEZzRZRy9QYjRJeU83c3BqTU9OTlZnQ0Q1eDNhOUhSMnhoaVp0bE90?=
 =?utf-8?B?VnB4cldIdmZHNEorUkIvOWViYmVDSmM1dGx0Tk11Y05oWE8zVElhbWh0VVpK?=
 =?utf-8?B?dDRLZm9xaHdTeXlMQmhmZWx0cWdvSCs3TDduSnBsOHcwR1Z6a2RoWVhjbERL?=
 =?utf-8?B?NTViMDk4d0RzTjZ1KzhCSG5SSCs2UVFrNEdsWWIvd21JS0xsaThZc2RSYVU3?=
 =?utf-8?B?dFAydzVOSTVMZEQ4QXg2bkRpUFVWQVI0Wm52c1ZicFczdlhaTVhYck1jMnNV?=
 =?utf-8?B?aEtROHdwa2RCVHVHaUtlZlU5NFNwUDRlQmJ4K2VqZytIdTN4WktadVgyaHFM?=
 =?utf-8?B?WGhvdlBUd3BVRWFJYUNHdEUwUnhEM05JbWNnVVlLNjlOY21wbXVqQkJCQy83?=
 =?utf-8?B?dDRvSmRJczJab0FFa2RzUHJFVldIV09melBpNFMxYlhnV2RqUmRwYXdNck4v?=
 =?utf-8?B?RUVpM0E1ZjA0UUplRUhhQ1VxN1cveWppOFFMTHJZRjJscHlQRHNZdkFZRUZI?=
 =?utf-8?B?WE1Ubm56bVJMeCtaRWNBWjJNSG4rWkVOd0ZUcThLbW8wZWhvOWJOZWRyNGhT?=
 =?utf-8?B?blk2QmZEUkFWUkFLVEZzMjA1d3pwb1ZURndLM0d6SXRCUEs4d21yeEtvdDhx?=
 =?utf-8?B?OWhuM1VFMXpjd1g3N3IvUmlpZGRGZ0kxSnNMbEVVYnU3a0wyQVZxcWNra1U2?=
 =?utf-8?B?NlVUaC9OdlBiS2d0Y1dLYmpmeVhkNXgrbGFZQVVIakJNbmpXdHFrZUF2Q3hw?=
 =?utf-8?B?eDFkWDU1MVZQcEhrWG4xUEo4cGJiemZ0dW9Ed05RenJZWkgzaFZ5YXZrWmJ4?=
 =?utf-8?B?aFcvei8vK01aMWFTR0R1NmRuMjBGaFkxaC9aOXRIOHJIVnNmbmZ1T0lNbGFs?=
 =?utf-8?B?NHNIbUhzYXhwQ084MUVmUERUQnY5NDlxMjRHRDNqMXJLN3VOU2UxS3E5Rm82?=
 =?utf-8?B?ZFV1bnFicE9taDg1VFdRbWM1aTNxZDhLUE1GKzIzVmxWWTJGdGE4aE9INmQy?=
 =?utf-8?B?alFQYlFsMXpvY3l3TUVyajVwZXo2MFhrMXVGZU9MQWU4OTBhL1NEelNLZkpI?=
 =?utf-8?B?ZUlSaXQyVEVlNURubFZrbUYzZW9PU1ZMekd2alBjZlBRSFVSandHdkFMOGYy?=
 =?utf-8?B?TS9pd05Kb0RadEF3dFpxcHFFZFM1V1I0TlFmV0tSQmFKOUVMVXN4T29DelhQ?=
 =?utf-8?B?WWlNbCtMTVFHVG1KY05WNnY5WUp4L0tIQklEcHdlQ005UjJkWFZsYXRGa212?=
 =?utf-8?B?Vng0dHFRcDhrWWtnQytxV0diRnQ2Q1VjSWVsZGxvMndwTUdIN3FOZkZmSGZS?=
 =?utf-8?B?RFQ5SWphNUFtWUZQN2JKR3Q4MkJtc3lJWlMyMzM1QlhUOFNmckVEcE9uOFZT?=
 =?utf-8?B?aEhQZ3o5WUV0VGh4NWNKRnN3SC9pTzkreG9rLzhLQjdpSFAwUTFJWDhxSGlh?=
 =?utf-8?B?cTFoZW1KM0tsb3JQQm9FRm5Tc2paK1VXZUtBa1BZVzBwMUZvdFlyNlpYUWI1?=
 =?utf-8?B?dmViOUFaMUwrNHZNODVmNHlNSXlLZjlVZXk5bHVkc2kraFduU3gzaSs1ZFpZ?=
 =?utf-8?B?N2NBd0xoUHJqYTVWOCtiN1hhSlZqTC9qVjVGUHl3NTlNUllHSjFUVFAxMGda?=
 =?utf-8?B?TlplTm9GTzJwSnhmcUt4OUtBbUhpOE4yditZZHNVZmErMUxFcVZhMUN5QjRl?=
 =?utf-8?B?MEFPY2ZoYTRZcmVZcmZEMGErTUNKUTNpbmowQmd2UmQ1ZVJrS1hmRHNGUTN6?=
 =?utf-8?B?cUNPQmdPRkhGUU9qdHRWa09hL3J2c2JLVkx3b2Evc1pPWkd4bVBDV0pHZEhT?=
 =?utf-8?B?YWRHbnNSU3o4eU1UYmxMcFNXalhIZGJsZ3lyYXZ4OEhPZkZXRU9tMFphQ09i?=
 =?utf-8?B?SU1acjVRVnNQeG9lZytFTVUrZm9iL1I0RmZ1OHg4aWx3Y0pyMFV2cXJ6UUJM?=
 =?utf-8?B?aWlYbG9JL1JEUUYwTXk0UlpQNWRkMEtYWTZDQzQ4Si9CN05HN0txSms5R3RQ?=
 =?utf-8?B?VHFQeC9qT3RaQ012b01Ed1FMQm5LOE9MYk5xdUl2RzNhTTNHbDNTejhQdDdI?=
 =?utf-8?B?eEhDWGxlYjlTTG44NHF1NGIwWndzdjVQNWNQZGQ2eUFnaUEwaHpXbEZLRmRT?=
 =?utf-8?B?SG5QQWlTOWc1OHB6c1pFSloyTXU0NHJqbjU3cGVSd1g5U1MwdXBaQW5oQ0xq?=
 =?utf-8?B?MnhhSHM4S3JzcHhZSWZ2QWhWdi84VGVYbWhmN2RKSWhiWmlXczN6Zz09?=
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-OriginatorOrg: nic.at
X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-AuthAs: Internal
X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-AuthSource: DBAPR03MB6358.eurprd03.prod.outlook.com
X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-Network-Message-Id: e581864c-9c73-4f8a-e84e-08df07822a85
X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-originalarrivaltime: 31 Aug 2026 17:06:15.0107
 (UTC)
X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-fromentityheader: Hosted
X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-id: 6da68bb1-2470-49a3-8e7a-a343d51e9234
X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-mailboxtype: HOSTED
X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-userprincipalname: ejxoSXL87Z8pDyIgKYha60R3lQ6vnCkeRs2Ew01HO52LX8WLJF//1oxWbwKjFOItSVCb55k9NeunRw7KW8u8Ew==
X-MS-Exchange-Transport-CrossTenantHeadersStamped: DB9PR03MB7708
X-purgate-ID: tlsNG-c201ff/1788195977-251182A1-BD964440/0/0
X-purgate-type: clean
X-purgate-size: 1782
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=


