[xen staging-4.13] tools/ocaml: GC parameter tuning

[patchbot@xxxxxxx]

commit bc93157f7b3b571b44bce0ecf7328c82c7aca78b
Author:     Edwin Török <edvin.torok@xxxxxxxxxx>
AuthorDate: Wed Oct 12 19:13:07 2022 +0100
Commit:     Andrew Cooper <andrew.cooper3@xxxxxxxxxx>
CommitDate: Tue Nov 1 15:25:15 2022 +0000

    tools/ocaml: GC parameter tuning
    
    By default the OCaml garbage collector would return memory to the OS only
    after unused memory is 5x live memory.  Tweak this to 120% instead, which
    would match the major GC speed.
    
    This is part of XSA-326.
    
    Signed-off-by: Edwin Török <edvin.torok@xxxxxxxxxx>
    Acked-by: Christian Lindig <christian.lindig@xxxxxxxxxx>
    (cherry picked from commit 4a8bacff20b857ca0d628ef5525877ade11f2a42)
---
 tools/ocaml/xenstored/define.ml    |  1 +
 tools/ocaml/xenstored/xenstored.ml | 64 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tools/ocaml/xenstored/define.ml b/tools/ocaml/xenstored/define.ml
index 96c125a969..1a5d2f34a6 100644
--- a/tools/ocaml/xenstored/define.ml
+++ b/tools/ocaml/xenstored/define.ml
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ let maxwatch = ref (100)
 let maxtransaction = ref (10)
 let maxrequests = ref (1024)   (* maximum requests per transaction *)
 
+let gc_max_overhead = ref 120 (* 120% see comment in xenstored.ml *)
 let conflict_burst_limit = ref 5.0
 let conflict_max_history_seconds = ref 0.05
 let conflict_rate_limit_is_aggregate = ref true
diff --git a/tools/ocaml/xenstored/xenstored.ml 
b/tools/ocaml/xenstored/xenstored.ml
index 369b5036f4..0b6343dfc7 100644
--- a/tools/ocaml/xenstored/xenstored.ml
+++ b/tools/ocaml/xenstored/xenstored.ml
@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ let parse_config filename =
                ("quota-maxsize", Config.Set_int Quota.maxsize);
                ("quota-maxrequests", Config.Set_int Define.maxrequests);
                ("quota-path-max", Config.Set_int Define.path_max);
+               ("gc-max-overhead", Config.Set_int Define.gc_max_overhead);
                ("test-eagain", Config.Set_bool Transaction.test_eagain);
                ("persistent", Config.Set_bool Disk.enable);
                ("xenstored-log-file", Config.String 
Logging.set_xenstored_log_destination);
@@ -229,6 +230,67 @@ let to_file store cons file =
                (fun () -> close_out channel)
 end
 
+(*
+       By default OCaml's GC only returns memory to the OS when it exceeds a
+       configurable 'max overhead' setting.
+       The default is 500%, that is 5/6th of the OCaml heap needs to be free
+       and only 1/6th live for a compaction to be triggerred that would
+       release memory back to the OS.
+       If the limit is not hit then the OCaml process can reuse that memory
+       for its own purposes, but other processes won't be able to use it.
+
+       There is also a 'space overhead' setting that controls how much work
+       each major GC slice does, and by default aims at having no more than
+       80% or 120% (depending on version) garbage values compared to live
+       values.
+       This doesn't have as much relevance to memory returned to the OS as
+       long as space_overhead <= max_overhead, because compaction is only
+       triggerred at the end of major GC cycles.
+
+       The defaults are too large once the program starts using ~100MiB of
+       memory, at which point ~500MiB would be unavailable to other processes
+       (which would be fine if this was the main process in this VM, but it is
+       not).
+
+       Max overhead can also be set to 0, however this is for testing purposes
+       only (setting it lower than 'space overhead' wouldn't help because the
+       major GC wouldn't run fast enough, and compaction does have a
+       performance cost: we can only compact contiguous regions, so memory has
+       to be moved around).
+
+       Max overhead controls how often the heap is compacted, which is useful
+       if there are burst of activity followed by long periods of idle state,
+       or if a domain quits, etc. Compaction returns memory to the OS.
+
+       wasted = live * space_overhead / 100
+
+       For globally overriding the GC settings one can use OCAMLRUNPARAM,
+       however we provide a config file override to be consistent with other
+       oxenstored settings.
+
+       One might want to dynamically adjust the overhead setting based on used
+       memory, i.e. to use a fixed upper bound in bytes, not percentage. 
However
+       measurements show that such adjustments increase GC overhead massively,
+       while still not guaranteeing that memory is returned any more quickly
+       than with a percentage based setting.
+
+       The allocation policy could also be tweaked, e.g. first fit would reduce
+       fragmentation and thus memory usage, but the documentation warns that it
+       can be sensibly slower, and indeed one of our own testcases can trigger
+       such a corner case where it is multiple times slower, so it is best to 
keep
+       the default allocation policy (next-fit/best-fit depending on version).
+
+       There are other tweaks that can be attempted in the future, e.g. setting
+       'ulimit -v' to 75% of RAM, however getting the kernel to actually return
+       NULL from allocations is difficult even with that setting, and without a
+       NULL the emergency GC won't be triggerred.
+       Perhaps cgroup limits could help, but for now tweak the safest only.
+*)
+
+let tweak_gc () =
+       Gc.set { (Gc.get ()) with Gc.max_overhead = !Define.gc_max_overhead }
+
+
 let _ =
        let cf = do_argv in
        let pidfile =
@@ -238,6 +300,8 @@ let _ =
                        default_pidfile
                in
 
+       tweak_gc ();
+
        (try
                Unixext.mkdir_rec (Filename.dirname pidfile) 0o755
        with _ ->
--
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