[Xen-devel] [PATCH v9]xen: sched: convert RTDS from time to event driven model

[Tianyang Chen <tiche@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx>]

Budget replenishment and enforcement are separated by adding
a replenishment timer, which fires at the next most imminent
release time of all runnable vcpus.

A replenishment queue has been added to keep track of all vcpus that
are runnable.

The following functions have major changes to manage the replenishment
events and timer.

repl_handler(): It is a timer handler which is re-programmed
to fire at the nearest vcpu deadline to replenish vcpus.

rt_schedule(): picks the highest runnable vcpu based on cpu
affinity and ret.time will be passed to schedule(). If an idle
vcpu is picked, -1 is returned to avoid busy-waiting. repl_update()
has been removed.

rt_vcpu_wake(): when a vcpu wakes up, it tickles instead of
picking one from the run queue.

rt_context_saved(): when context switching is finished, the
preempted vcpu will be put back into the runq.

Simplified funtional graph:

schedule.c SCHEDULE_SOFTIRQ:
    rt_schedule():
        [spin_lock]
        burn_budget(scurr)
        snext = runq_pick()
        [spin_unlock]

sched_rt.c TIMER_SOFTIRQ
    replenishment_timer_handler()
        [spin_lock]
        <for_each_vcpu_on_q(i)> {
            replenish(i)
            runq_tickle(i)
        }>
        program_timer()
        [spin_lock]

Signed-off-by: Tianyang Chen <tiche@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Meng Xu <mengxu@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Dagaen Golomb <dgolomb@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
---
changes since v8:
    Replaced spin_lock_irqsave with spin_lock_irq.
    Bug fix in burn_budget() where budget == 0.
    Removed unnecessary tickling in the timer handler when
    vcpus have the same deadline.

changes since v7:
    Coding sytle.
    Added a flag to indicate that a vcpu was depleted.
    Added a local list including updated vcpus in the
    timer handler. It is used to decide which vcpu should
    tickle.

changes since v6:
    Removed unnecessary vcpu_on_q() checks for runq_insert()
    Renamed replenishment queue related functions without
    underscores
    New replq_reinsert() function for rt_vcpu_wake()

changes since v5:
    Removed unnecessary vcpu_on_replq() checks
    deadline_queue_insert() returns a flag to indicate if it's
    needed to re-program the timer
    Removed unnecessary timer checks
    Added helper functions to remove vcpus from queues
    coding style

Changes since v4:
    removed unnecessary replenishment queue checks in vcpu_wake()
    extended replq_remove() to all cases in vcpu_sleep()
    used _deadline_queue_insert() helper function for both queues
    _replq_insert() and _replq_remove() program timer internally

Changes since v3:
    removed running queue.
    added repl queue to keep track of repl events.
    timer is now per scheduler.
    timer is init on a valid cpu in a cpupool.
---
 xen/common/sched_rt.c |  437 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
 1 file changed, 341 insertions(+), 96 deletions(-)

diff --git a/xen/common/sched_rt.c b/xen/common/sched_rt.c
index bfed2e2..b491915 100644
--- a/xen/common/sched_rt.c
+++ b/xen/common/sched_rt.c
@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
  * EDF scheduling is a real-time scheduling algorithm used in embedded field.
  *
  * by Sisu Xi, 2013, Washington University in Saint Louis
- * and Meng Xu, 2014, University of Pennsylvania
+ * Meng Xu, 2014-2016, University of Pennsylvania
+ * Tianyang Chen, 2016, University of Pennsylvania
+ * Dagaen Golomb, 2016, University of Pennsylvania
  *
  * based on the code of credit Scheduler
  */
@@ -16,6 +18,7 @@
 #include <xen/delay.h>
 #include <xen/event.h>
 #include <xen/time.h>
+#include <xen/timer.h>
 #include <xen/perfc.h>
 #include <xen/sched-if.h>
 #include <xen/softirq.h>
@@ -87,7 +90,7 @@
 #define RTDS_DEFAULT_BUDGET     (MICROSECS(4000))
 
 #define UPDATE_LIMIT_SHIFT      10
-#define MAX_SCHEDULE            (MILLISECS(1))
+
 /*
  * Flags
  */
@@ -115,6 +118,18 @@
 #define RTDS_delayed_runq_add (1<<__RTDS_delayed_runq_add)
 
 /*
+ * The replenishment timer handler needs to check this bit
+ * to know where a replenished vcpu was, when deciding which
+ * vcpu should tickle.
+ * A replenished vcpu should tickle if it was moved from the
+ * depleted queue to the run queue.
+ * + Set in burn_budget() if a vcpu has zero budget left.
+ * + Cleared and checked in the repenishment handler.
+ */
+#define __RTDS_was_depleted     3
+#define RTDS_was_depleted (1<<__RTDS_was_depleted)
+
+/*
  * rt tracing events ("only" 512 available!). Check
  * include/public/trace.h for more details.
  */
@@ -142,6 +157,9 @@ static cpumask_var_t *_cpumask_scratch;
  */
 static unsigned int nr_rt_ops;
 
+/* handler for the replenishment timer */
+static void repl_handler(void *data);
+
 /*
  * Systme-wide private data, include global RunQueue/DepletedQ
  * Global lock is referenced by schedule_data.schedule_lock from all
@@ -152,7 +170,9 @@ struct rt_private {
     struct list_head sdom;      /* list of availalbe domains, used for dump */
     struct list_head runq;      /* ordered list of runnable vcpus */
     struct list_head depletedq; /* unordered list of depleted vcpus */
+    struct list_head replq;     /* ordered list of vcpus that need 
replenishment */
     cpumask_t tickled;          /* cpus been tickled */
+    struct timer *repl_timer;   /* replenishment timer */
 };
 
 /*
@@ -160,6 +180,7 @@ struct rt_private {
  */
 struct rt_vcpu {
     struct list_head q_elem;    /* on the runq/depletedq list */
+    struct list_head replq_elem; /* on the repl event list */
 
     /* Up-pointers */
     struct rt_dom *sdom;
@@ -213,8 +234,14 @@ static inline struct list_head *rt_depletedq(const struct 
scheduler *ops)
     return &rt_priv(ops)->depletedq;
 }
 
+static inline struct list_head *rt_replq(const struct scheduler *ops)
+{
+    return &rt_priv(ops)->replq;
+}
+
 /*
- * Queue helper functions for runq and depletedq
+ * Helper functions for manipulating the runqueue, the depleted queue,
+ * and the replenishment events queue.
  */
 static int
 __vcpu_on_q(const struct rt_vcpu *svc)
@@ -228,6 +255,18 @@ __q_elem(struct list_head *elem)
     return list_entry(elem, struct rt_vcpu, q_elem);
 }
 
+static struct rt_vcpu *
+replq_elem(struct list_head *elem)
+{
+    return list_entry(elem, struct rt_vcpu, replq_elem);
+}
+
+static int
+vcpu_on_replq(const struct rt_vcpu *svc)
+{
+    return !list_empty(&svc->replq_elem);
+}
+
 /*
  * Debug related code, dump vcpu/cpu information
  */
@@ -288,7 +327,7 @@ rt_dump_pcpu(const struct scheduler *ops, int cpu)
 static void
 rt_dump(const struct scheduler *ops)
 {
-    struct list_head *runq, *depletedq, *iter;
+    struct list_head *runq, *depletedq, *replq, *iter;
     struct rt_private *prv = rt_priv(ops);
     struct rt_vcpu *svc;
     struct rt_dom *sdom;
@@ -301,6 +340,7 @@ rt_dump(const struct scheduler *ops)
 
     runq = rt_runq(ops);
     depletedq = rt_depletedq(ops);
+    replq = rt_replq(ops);
 
     printk("Global RunQueue info:\n");
     list_for_each( iter, runq )
@@ -316,6 +356,13 @@ rt_dump(const struct scheduler *ops)
         rt_dump_vcpu(ops, svc);
     }
 
+    printk("Global Replenishment Event info:\n");
+    list_for_each ( iter, replq )
+    {
+        svc = replq_elem(iter);
+        rt_dump_vcpu(ops, svc);
+    }
+
     printk("Domain info:\n");
     list_for_each( iter, &prv->sdom )
     {
@@ -380,11 +427,78 @@ rt_update_deadline(s_time_t now, struct rt_vcpu *svc)
     return;
 }
 
+/* 
+ * A helper function that only removes a vcpu from a queue 
+ * and it returns 1 if the vcpu was in front of the list.
+ */
+static inline int
+deadline_queue_remove(struct list_head *queue, struct list_head *elem)
+{
+    int pos = 0;
+
+    if ( queue->next != elem )
+        pos = 1;
+
+    list_del_init(elem);
+    return !pos;
+}
+
 static inline void
 __q_remove(struct rt_vcpu *svc)
 {
-    if ( __vcpu_on_q(svc) )
-        list_del_init(&svc->q_elem);
+    ASSERT( __vcpu_on_q(svc) );
+    list_del_init(&svc->q_elem);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Removing a vcpu from the replenishment queue could
+ * re-program the timer for the next replenishment event
+ * if it was at the front of the list.
+ */
+static inline void
+__replq_remove(const struct scheduler *ops, struct rt_vcpu *svc)
+{
+    struct rt_private *prv = rt_priv(ops);
+    struct list_head *replq = rt_replq(ops);
+    struct timer* repl_timer = prv->repl_timer;
+
+    ASSERT( vcpu_on_replq(svc) );
+
+    if ( deadline_queue_remove(replq, &svc->replq_elem) )
+    {
+        /* re-arm the timer for the next replenishment event */
+        if ( !list_empty(replq) )
+        {
+            struct rt_vcpu *svc_next = replq_elem(replq->next);
+            set_timer(repl_timer, svc_next->cur_deadline);
+        }
+        else
+            stop_timer(repl_timer);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * An utility function that inserts a vcpu to a
+ * queue based on certain order (EDF). The returned
+ * value is 1 if a vcpu has been inserted to the
+ * front of a list.
+ */
+static int
+deadline_queue_insert(struct rt_vcpu * (*_get_q_elem)(struct list_head *elem),
+    struct rt_vcpu *svc, struct list_head *elem, struct list_head *queue)
+{
+    struct list_head *iter;
+    int pos = 0;
+
+    list_for_each ( iter, queue )
+    {
+        struct rt_vcpu * iter_svc = (*_get_q_elem)(iter);
+        if ( svc->cur_deadline <= iter_svc->cur_deadline )
+            break;
+        pos++;
+    }
+    list_add_tail(elem, iter);
+    return !pos;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -397,27 +511,62 @@ __runq_insert(const struct scheduler *ops, struct rt_vcpu 
*svc)
 {
     struct rt_private *prv = rt_priv(ops);
     struct list_head *runq = rt_runq(ops);
-    struct list_head *iter;
 
     ASSERT( spin_is_locked(&prv->lock) );
-
     ASSERT( !__vcpu_on_q(svc) );
+    ASSERT( vcpu_on_replq(svc) );
 
     /* add svc to runq if svc still has budget */
     if ( svc->cur_budget > 0 )
-    {
-        list_for_each(iter, runq)
-        {
-            struct rt_vcpu * iter_svc = __q_elem(iter);
-            if ( svc->cur_deadline <= iter_svc->cur_deadline )
-                    break;
-         }
-        list_add_tail(&svc->q_elem, iter);
-    }
+        deadline_queue_insert(&__q_elem, svc, &svc->q_elem, runq);
     else
-    {
         list_add(&svc->q_elem, &prv->depletedq);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Insert svc into the replenishment event list
+ * in replenishment time order.
+ * vcpus that need to be replished earlier go first.
+ * The timer may be re-programmed if svc is inserted
+ * at the front of the event list.
+ */
+static void
+__replq_insert(const struct scheduler *ops, struct rt_vcpu *svc)
+{
+    struct list_head *replq = rt_replq(ops);
+    struct rt_private *prv = rt_priv(ops);
+    struct timer *repl_timer = prv->repl_timer;
+
+    ASSERT( !vcpu_on_replq(svc) );
+
+    if ( deadline_queue_insert(&replq_elem, svc, &svc->replq_elem, replq) )
+        set_timer(repl_timer, svc->cur_deadline);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Removes and re-inserts an event to the replenishment queue.
+ */
+static void
+replq_reinsert(const struct scheduler *ops, struct rt_vcpu *svc)
+{
+    struct list_head *replq = rt_replq(ops);
+    struct rt_private *prv = rt_priv(ops);
+    struct timer *repl_timer = prv->repl_timer;
+
+    ASSERT( vcpu_on_replq(svc) );
+
+    if ( deadline_queue_remove(replq, &svc->replq_elem) )
+    {
+        if ( deadline_queue_insert(&replq_elem, svc, &svc->replq_elem, replq) )
+            set_timer(repl_timer, svc->cur_deadline);
+        else
+        {
+            struct rt_vcpu *svc_next = replq_elem(replq->next);
+            set_timer(repl_timer, svc_next->cur_deadline);
+        }
     }
+    else if ( deadline_queue_insert(&replq_elem, svc, &svc->replq_elem, replq) 
)
+        set_timer(repl_timer, svc->cur_deadline);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -449,11 +598,18 @@ rt_init(struct scheduler *ops)
     INIT_LIST_HEAD(&prv->sdom);
     INIT_LIST_HEAD(&prv->runq);
     INIT_LIST_HEAD(&prv->depletedq);
+    INIT_LIST_HEAD(&prv->replq);
 
     cpumask_clear(&prv->tickled);
 
     ops->sched_data = prv;
 
+    /* 
+     * The timer initialization will happen later when 
+     * the first pcpu is added to this pool in alloc_pdata.
+     */
+    prv->repl_timer = NULL;
+
     return 0;
 
  no_mem:
@@ -473,6 +629,10 @@ rt_deinit(struct scheduler *ops)
         xfree(_cpumask_scratch);
         _cpumask_scratch = NULL;
     }
+
+    kill_timer(prv->repl_timer);
+    xfree(prv->repl_timer);
+
     ops->sched_data = NULL;
     xfree(prv);
 }
@@ -494,6 +654,17 @@ rt_alloc_pdata(const struct scheduler *ops, int cpu)
     if ( !alloc_cpumask_var(&_cpumask_scratch[cpu]) )
         return NULL;
 
+    if ( prv->repl_timer == NULL )
+    {   
+        /* Allocate the timer on the first cpu of this pool. */
+        prv->repl_timer = xzalloc(struct timer);
+
+        if ( prv->repl_timer == NULL )
+            return NULL;
+
+        init_timer(prv->repl_timer, repl_handler, (void *)ops, cpu);
+    }
+
     /* 1 indicates alloc. succeed in schedule.c */
     return (void *)1;
 }
@@ -587,6 +758,7 @@ rt_alloc_vdata(const struct scheduler *ops, struct vcpu 
*vc, void *dd)
         return NULL;
 
     INIT_LIST_HEAD(&svc->q_elem);
+    INIT_LIST_HEAD(&svc->replq_elem);
     svc->flags = 0U;
     svc->sdom = dd;
     svc->vcpu = vc;
@@ -610,7 +782,8 @@ rt_free_vdata(const struct scheduler *ops, void *priv)
 }
 
 /*
- * This function is called in sched_move_domain() in schedule.c
+ * It is called in sched_move_domain() and sched_init_vcpu
+ * in schedule.c.
  * When move a domain to a new cpupool.
  * It inserts vcpus of moving domain to the scheduler's RunQ in
  * dest. cpupool.
@@ -628,8 +801,13 @@ rt_vcpu_insert(const struct scheduler *ops, struct vcpu 
*vc)
     if ( now >= svc->cur_deadline )
         rt_update_deadline(now, svc);
 
-    if ( !__vcpu_on_q(svc) && vcpu_runnable(vc) && !vc->is_running )
-        __runq_insert(ops, svc);
+    if ( !__vcpu_on_q(svc) && vcpu_runnable(vc) )
+    {
+        __replq_insert(ops, svc);
+ 
+        if ( !vc->is_running )
+            __runq_insert(ops, svc);
+    }
     vcpu_schedule_unlock_irq(lock, vc);
 
     SCHED_STAT_CRANK(vcpu_insert);
@@ -652,6 +830,10 @@ rt_vcpu_remove(const struct scheduler *ops, struct vcpu 
*vc)
     lock = vcpu_schedule_lock_irq(vc);
     if ( __vcpu_on_q(svc) )
         __q_remove(svc);
+
+    if ( vcpu_on_replq(svc) )
+        __replq_remove(ops,svc);
+
     vcpu_schedule_unlock_irq(lock, vc);
 }
 
@@ -706,8 +888,15 @@ burn_budget(const struct scheduler *ops, struct rt_vcpu 
*svc, s_time_t now)
 
     svc->cur_budget -= delta;
 
-    if ( svc->cur_budget < 0 )
+    if ( svc->cur_budget <= 0 )
+    {    
         svc->cur_budget = 0;
+        /* 
+         * Set __RTDS_was_depleted so the replenishment
+         * handler can let this vcpu tickle if it was refilled.
+         */
+        set_bit(__RTDS_was_depleted, &svc->flags);
+    }
 
     /* TRACE */
     {
@@ -784,44 +973,6 @@ __runq_pick(const struct scheduler *ops, const cpumask_t 
*mask)
 }
 
 /*
- * Update vcpu's budget and
- * sort runq by insert the modifed vcpu back to runq
- * lock is grabbed before calling this function
- */
-static void
-__repl_update(const struct scheduler *ops, s_time_t now)
-{
-    struct list_head *runq = rt_runq(ops);
-    struct list_head *depletedq = rt_depletedq(ops);
-    struct list_head *iter;
-    struct list_head *tmp;
-    struct rt_vcpu *svc = NULL;
-
-    list_for_each_safe(iter, tmp, runq)
-    {
-        svc = __q_elem(iter);
-        if ( now < svc->cur_deadline )
-            break;
-
-        rt_update_deadline(now, svc);
-        /* reinsert the vcpu if its deadline is updated */
-        __q_remove(svc);
-        __runq_insert(ops, svc);
-    }
-
-    list_for_each_safe(iter, tmp, depletedq)
-    {
-        svc = __q_elem(iter);
-        if ( now >= svc->cur_deadline )
-        {
-            rt_update_deadline(now, svc);
-            __q_remove(svc); /* remove from depleted queue */
-            __runq_insert(ops, svc); /* add to runq */
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/*
  * schedule function for rt scheduler.
  * The lock is already grabbed in schedule.c, no need to lock here
  */
@@ -840,8 +991,6 @@ rt_schedule(const struct scheduler *ops, s_time_t now, 
bool_t tasklet_work_sched
     /* burn_budget would return for IDLE VCPU */
     burn_budget(ops, scurr, now);
 
-    __repl_update(ops, now);
-
     if ( tasklet_work_scheduled )
     {
         trace_var(TRC_RTDS_SCHED_TASKLET, 1, 0,  NULL);
@@ -868,6 +1017,7 @@ rt_schedule(const struct scheduler *ops, s_time_t now, 
bool_t tasklet_work_sched
         set_bit(__RTDS_delayed_runq_add, &scurr->flags);
 
     snext->last_start = now;
+    ret.time =  -1; /* if an idle vcpu is picked */ 
     if ( !is_idle_vcpu(snext->vcpu) )
     {
         if ( snext != scurr )
@@ -880,9 +1030,8 @@ rt_schedule(const struct scheduler *ops, s_time_t now, 
bool_t tasklet_work_sched
             snext->vcpu->processor = cpu;
             ret.migrated = 1;
         }
+        ret.time = snext->budget; /* invoke the scheduler next time */
     }
-
-    ret.time = MIN(snext->budget, MAX_SCHEDULE); /* sched quantum */
     ret.task = snext->vcpu;
 
     return ret;
@@ -903,7 +1052,10 @@ rt_vcpu_sleep(const struct scheduler *ops, struct vcpu 
*vc)
     if ( curr_on_cpu(vc->processor) == vc )
         cpu_raise_softirq(vc->processor, SCHEDULE_SOFTIRQ);
     else if ( __vcpu_on_q(svc) )
+    {
         __q_remove(svc);
+        __replq_remove(ops, svc);
+    }
     else if ( svc->flags & RTDS_delayed_runq_add )
         clear_bit(__RTDS_delayed_runq_add, &svc->flags);
 }
@@ -1008,10 +1160,7 @@ rt_vcpu_wake(const struct scheduler *ops, struct vcpu 
*vc)
 {
     struct rt_vcpu * const svc = rt_vcpu(vc);
     s_time_t now = NOW();
-    struct rt_private *prv = rt_priv(ops);
-    struct rt_vcpu *snext = NULL; /* highest priority on RunQ */
-    struct rt_dom *sdom = NULL;
-    cpumask_t *online;
+    bool_t missed;
 
     BUG_ON( is_idle_vcpu(vc) );
 
@@ -1033,32 +1182,42 @@ rt_vcpu_wake(const struct scheduler *ops, struct vcpu 
*vc)
     else
         SCHED_STAT_CRANK(vcpu_wake_not_runnable);
 
-    /* If context hasn't been saved for this vcpu yet, we can't put it on
-     * the Runqueue/DepletedQ. Instead, we set a flag so that it will be
-     * put on the Runqueue/DepletedQ after the context has been saved.
+    /*
+     * If a deadline passed while svc was asleep/blocked, we need new
+     * scheduling parameters (a new deadline and full budget).
+     */
+
+    missed = ( now >= svc->cur_deadline );
+    if ( missed )
+        rt_update_deadline(now, svc);
+
+    /* 
+     * If context hasn't been saved for this vcpu yet, we can't put it on
+     * the run-queue/depleted-queue. Instead, we set the appropriate flag,
+     * the vcpu will be put back on queue after the context has been saved
+     * (in rt_context_save()).
      */
     if ( unlikely(svc->flags & RTDS_scheduled) )
     {
         set_bit(__RTDS_delayed_runq_add, &svc->flags);
+        /*
+         * The vcpu is waking up already, and we didn't even had the time to
+         * remove its next replenishment event from the replenishment queue
+         * when it blocked! No big deal. If we did not miss the deadline in
+         * the meantime, let's just leave it there. If we did, let's remove it
+         * and queue a new one (to occur at our new deadline).
+         */
+        if ( missed )
+           replq_reinsert(ops, svc);
         return;
     }
 
-    if ( now >= svc->cur_deadline)
-        rt_update_deadline(now, svc);
-
+    /* Replenishment event got cancelled when we blocked. Add it back. */
+    __replq_insert(ops, svc); 
     /* insert svc to runq/depletedq because svc is not in queue now */
     __runq_insert(ops, svc);
 
-    __repl_update(ops, now);
-
-    ASSERT(!list_empty(&prv->sdom));
-    sdom = list_entry(prv->sdom.next, struct rt_dom, sdom_elem);
-    online = cpupool_domain_cpumask(sdom->dom);
-    snext = __runq_pick(ops, online); /* pick snext from ALL valid cpus */
-
-    runq_tickle(ops, snext);
-
-    return;
+    runq_tickle(ops, svc);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1069,10 +1228,6 @@ static void
 rt_context_saved(const struct scheduler *ops, struct vcpu *vc)
 {
     struct rt_vcpu *svc = rt_vcpu(vc);
-    struct rt_vcpu *snext = NULL;
-    struct rt_dom *sdom = NULL;
-    struct rt_private *prv = rt_priv(ops);
-    cpumask_t *online;
     spinlock_t *lock = vcpu_schedule_lock_irq(vc);
 
     clear_bit(__RTDS_scheduled, &svc->flags);
@@ -1084,15 +1239,11 @@ rt_context_saved(const struct scheduler *ops, struct 
vcpu *vc)
          likely(vcpu_runnable(vc)) )
     {
         __runq_insert(ops, svc);
-        __repl_update(ops, NOW());
-
-        ASSERT(!list_empty(&prv->sdom));
-        sdom = list_entry(prv->sdom.next, struct rt_dom, sdom_elem);
-        online = cpupool_domain_cpumask(sdom->dom);
-        snext = __runq_pick(ops, online); /* pick snext from ALL cpus */
-
-        runq_tickle(ops, snext);
+        runq_tickle(ops, svc);
     }
+    else
+        __replq_remove(ops, svc);
+
 out:
     vcpu_schedule_unlock_irq(lock, vc);
 }
@@ -1150,6 +1301,100 @@ rt_dom_cntl(
     return rc;
 }
 
+/*
+ * The replenishment timer handler picks vcpus
+ * from the replq and does the actual replenishment.
+ */
+static void repl_handler(void *data){
+    s_time_t now = NOW();
+    struct scheduler *ops = data; 
+    struct rt_private *prv = rt_priv(ops);
+    struct list_head *replq = rt_replq(ops);
+    struct list_head *runq = rt_runq(ops);
+    struct timer *repl_timer = prv->repl_timer;
+    struct list_head *iter, *tmp;
+    struct list_head tmp_replq;
+    struct rt_vcpu *svc = NULL;
+
+    spin_lock_irq(&prv->lock);
+
+    stop_timer(repl_timer);
+
+    /*
+     * A temperary queue for updated vcpus.
+     * It is used to tickle.
+     */
+    INIT_LIST_HEAD(&tmp_replq);
+
+    list_for_each_safe ( iter, tmp, replq )
+    {
+        svc = replq_elem(iter);
+
+        if ( now < svc->cur_deadline )
+            break;
+
+        rt_update_deadline(now, svc);
+        /*
+         * When a vcpu is replenished, it is moved
+         * to a temporary queue to tickle.
+         */
+        list_del(&svc->replq_elem);
+        list_add(&svc->replq_elem, &tmp_replq);
+
+        /*
+         * If svc is on run queue, we need
+         * to put it to the correct place since
+         * its deadline changes.
+         */
+        if ( __vcpu_on_q(svc) )
+        {
+            /* put back to runq */
+            __q_remove(svc);
+            __runq_insert(ops, svc);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Iterate through the list of updated vcpus. */
+    list_for_each_safe ( iter, tmp, &tmp_replq )
+    {
+        struct vcpu* vc;
+        svc = replq_elem(iter);
+        vc = svc->vcpu;
+
+        if ( curr_on_cpu(vc->processor) == vc && 
+             ( !list_empty(runq) ) )
+        {
+            /*
+             * If the vcpu is running, let the head
+             * of the run queue tickle if it has a 
+             * higher priority.
+             */
+            struct rt_vcpu *next_on_runq = __q_elem(runq->next);
+            if ( svc->cur_deadline > next_on_runq->cur_deadline )
+                runq_tickle(ops, next_on_runq);
+        }
+        else if ( __vcpu_on_q(svc) )
+        {
+            /* Only need to tickle a vcpu that was depleted. */
+            if ( test_and_clear_bit(__RTDS_was_depleted, &svc->flags) )
+                runq_tickle(ops, svc);
+        }
+
+        list_del(&svc->replq_elem);
+        /* Move it back to the replenishment event queue. */
+        deadline_queue_insert(&replq_elem, svc, &svc->replq_elem, replq);
+    }
+
+    /* 
+     * Use the vcpu that's on the top of the run queue.
+     * Otherwise don't program the timer.
+     */
+    if ( !list_empty(replq) )
+        set_timer(repl_timer, replq_elem(replq->next)->cur_deadline);
+
+    spin_unlock_irq(&prv->lock);
+}
+
 static const struct scheduler sched_rtds_def = {
     .name           = "SMP RTDS Scheduler",
     .opt_name       = "rtds",
-- 
1.7.9.5


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