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[Xen-devel] [PATCH] MAINTAINERS: Add explicit check-in policy section



The "nesting" section in the MAINTAINERS file was not initially
intended to describe the check-in policy for patches, but only how
nesting worked; but since there was no check-in policy, it has been
acting as a de-facto policy.

One problem with this is that the policy is not complete: It doesn't
cover open objections, time to check-in, or so on.  The other problem
with the policy is that, as written, it doesn't account for
maintainers submitting patches to files which they themselves
maintain.  This is fine for situations where there are are multiple
maintainers, but not for situations where there is only one
maintainer.

Add an explicit "Check-in policy" section to the MAINTAINERS document
to serve as the canonical reference for the check-in policy.  Move
paragraphs not explicitly related to nesting into it.

While here, "promote" the "The meaning of nesting" section title.

DISCUSSION

This seems to be a change from people's understanding of the current
policy.  Most people's understanding of the current policy seems to be:

1.  In order to get a change to a given file committed, it must have
an Ack or Review from at least one *maintainer* of that file other
than the submitter.

2. In the case where a file has only one maintainer, it must have an
Ack or Review from a "nested" maintainer.

I.e., if I submitted something to x86/mm, it would require an Ack from
Jan or Andy, or (in exceptional circumstances) The Rest; but an Ack from
(say) Roger or Juergen wouldn't suffice.

Let's call this the "maintainer-ack" approach (because it must have an
ack or r-b from a maintainer to be checked in), and the proposal in
this patch the "maintainer-approval" (since SoB from a maintainer
indicates approval).

The core issue I have with "maintainer-ack" is that it makes the
maintainer less privileged with regard to writing code than
non-maintainers.  If component X has maintainers A and B, then a
non-maintainer can have code checked in if reviewed either by A or B.
If A or B wants code checked in, they have to wait for exactly one
person to review it.

In fact, if B is quite busy, the easiest way for A really to get their
code checked in might be to hand it to a non-maintainer N, and ask N
to submit it as their own.  Then A can Ack the patches and check them
in.

The current system, therefore, either sets up a perverse incentive (if
you think the behavior described above is unacceptable) or unnecessary
bureaucracy (if you think it's acceptable).  Either way I think we
should set up our system to avoid it.

Other variations on "maintainer-ack" have been proposed:

- Allow maintainer's patches to go in with an R-b from "designated
  reviewers"

- Allow maintainer's patches to go in with an Ack from more general
  maintainer

Both fundamentally make it harder for maintainers to get their code in
and/or reviewed effectively than non-maintainers, setting up the
perverse incentive / unnecessary bureaucracy.

Signed-off-by: George Dunlap <george.dunlap@xxxxxxxxxx>
---
v2:
- Modify "sufficient time" to "sufficient time and/or warning".
- Add a comment explicitly stating that there are exceptions.
- Move some of the alternate proposals into the changelog itself

CC: Ian Jackson <ian.jackson@xxxxxxxxxx>
CC: Wei Liu <wl@xxxxxxx>
CC: Andrew Cooper <andrew.cooper3@xxxxxxxxxx>
CC: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@xxxxxxxx>
CC: Tim Deegan <tim@xxxxxxx>
CC: Konrad Wilk <konrad.wilk@xxxxxxxxxx>
CC: Stefano Stabellini <sstabellini@xxxxxxxxxx>
CC: Julien Grall <julien@xxxxxxx>
CC: Lars Kurth <lars.kurth@xxxxxxxxxx>

This is a follow-up to the discussion in `[PATCH for-4.12]
passthrough/vtd: Drop the "workaround_bios_bug" logic entirely`, specifically
Message-ID: <5C9CF25A020000780022291B@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>

Another approach would be to say that in the case of multiple
maintainers, the maintainers themselves can decide to mandate each
other's Ack.  For instance, Dario and I could agree that we don't need
each others' ack for changes to the scheduler, but Andy and Jan could
agree that they do need each other's Ack for changes to the x86 code.
Checks that maintainers themselves have agreed on will produce neither
perverse incentives, nor be considered "unnecessary".
---
 MAINTAINERS | 53 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 47 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
index eaea4620e2..9d15afa595 100644
--- a/MAINTAINERS
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -104,7 +104,53 @@ Descriptions of section entries:
           xen-maintainers-<version format number of this file>
 
 
-The meaning of nesting:
+       Check-in policy
+       ===============
+
+In order for a patch to be checked in, in general, several conditions
+must be met:
+
+1. In order to get a change to a given file committed, it must have
+   the approval of at least one maintainer of that file.
+
+   A patch of course needs Acks from the maintainers of each file that
+   it changes; so a patch which changes xen/arch/x86/traps.c,
+   xen/arch/x86/mm/p2m.c, and xen/arch/x86/mm/shadow/multi.c would
+   require an Ack from each of the three sets of maintainers.
+
+   See below for rules on nested maintainership.
+
+2. It must have an Acked-by or a Reviewed-by from someone other than
+   the submitter.
+
+3. Sufficient time and/or warning must have been given for anyone to
+   respond.  This depends in large part upon the urgency and nature of
+   the patch.  For a straightforward uncontroversial patch, a day or
+   two is sufficient; for a controversial patch, perhaps waiting a
+   week and then saying "I intend to check this in tomorrow unless I
+   hear otherwise".
+
+4. There must be no "open" objections.
+
+In a case where one person submits a patch and a maintainer gives an
+Ack, the Ack stands in for both the approval requirement (#1) and the
+Acked-by-non-submitter requirement (#2).
+
+In a case where a maintainer themselves submits a patch, the
+Signed-off-by meets the approval requirement (#1); so an Ack or Review
+from anyone in the community suffices for requirement #2.
+
+Maintainers may choose to override non-maintainer objections in the
+case that consensus can't be reached.
+
+As always, no policy can cover all possible situations.  In
+exceptional circumstances, committers may commit a patch in absence of
+one or more of the above requirements, if they are reasonably
+confident that the other maintainers will approve of their decision in
+retrospect.
+
+       The meaning of nesting
+       ======================
 
 Many maintainership areas are "nested": for example, there are entries
 for xen/arch/x86 as well as xen/arch/x86/mm, and even
@@ -118,11 +164,6 @@ the Ack of the xen/arch/x86/mm/shadow maintainer for that 
part of the
 patch, but would not require the Ack of the xen/arch/x86 maintainer or
 the xen/arch/x86/mm maintainer.
 
-(A patch of course needs acks from the maintainers of each file that
-it changes; so a patch which changes xen/arch/x86/traps.c,
-xen/arch/x86/mm/p2m.c, and xen/arch/x86/mm/shadow/multi.c would
-require an Ack from each of the three sets of maintainers.)
-
 2. In unusual circumstances, a more general maintainer's Ack can stand
 in for or even overrule a specific maintainer's Ack.  Unusual
 circumstances might include:
-- 
2.24.1


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